imtoken钱包苹果版下载|pius
作者： imtoken钱包苹果版下载
2024-03-07 20:33:56
Pius | "Pius" 的词源、"Pius" 的起源和意思 - etymonline
| "Pius" 的词源、"Pius" 的起源和意思 - etymonline搜索Quick search commandColumnsForumAppsPremium登录登录广告Pius男性名，源自拉丁语 pius “尽责的，虔诚的”（见 pious）。相关词汇 Piuspious(adj.)15世纪中期，“具有或旨在表现对至高无上的存在的信仰和崇敬”，源自拉丁语 pius “尽责、虔诚、有良心、宗教的； 对亲属忠诚； 受友情启发，受自然感情驱使”，也许[德·范、克莱因]与拉丁语 purus “纯净、清洁”有关，通过一个 PIE *pu-io- “净化”（见 pure），但确切的发展仍有争议。在古典罗马的意义上，“对父母和其他应该受到尊重和爱护的人表现出应有的尊重和爱护”在1620年代被证明在英语中存在。在宗教意义上，有时表示在宗教的假象下或为了善良的目的而实践（1630年代），在这个意义上经常与 fraud（n.）结合使用。相关： Piously； piousness。广告Pius 的使用趋势广告仅供参考，由机器翻译系统提供。查看原文，请访问：Etymology, origin and meaning of Pius广告在 Pius 附近的词典条目pitter-patterPittsburghpituitarypit-viperpityPiuspivotpivotalpixpixelpixelation链接论坛参考文献链接产品iOS 应用安卓应用Chrome 扩展关于网站作者网站简介在 Facebook 关注我们支持通过 PayPal 捐赠Patreon 订阅支持购买周边简体中文 (Chinese)深色自动浅色服务协议隐私政策Copyright © 2001 - 2023 Douglas Har安东尼·庇护_百度百科
庇护_百度百科 网页新闻贴吧知道网盘图片视频地图文库资讯采购百科百度首页登录注册进入词条全站搜索帮助首页秒懂百科特色百科知识专题加入百科百科团队权威合作下载百科APP个人中心安东尼·庇护播报讨论上传视频罗马帝国“五贤帝”中的第四位收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10安东尼·庇护（又称安敦尼·庇护，Antoninus Pius，86年9月19日—161年3月7日，138年—161年在位）罗马帝国“五贤帝”中的第四位，在他统治时期帝国达到全盛顶峰。因此，五贤帝的统治时期也因他的名字被称为“安敦尼王朝”。安敦尼在位期间，继承哈德良的政策，对外防御，对内调整各方面关系，与元老院保持良好合作，并且大力发展经济，加强对行省的监督和管理，促进了行省经济和帝国的繁荣。中文名恺撒·提图·埃略·哈德良·安东尼·奥古斯都·庇护外文名Caesar Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius别 名安敦尼·庇护国 籍罗马帝国民 族罗马出生日期86年9月19日逝世日期161年3月7日职 业罗马帝国皇帝出生地Lanuvium父 亲Aurelius Fulvius母 亲Arria Fadilla配 偶Faustina I养 父哈德良养 子马可·奥勒留，路奇乌斯·维鲁斯目录1早年经历2在位成就▪政治成就▪军事成就3去世4继承人5历史评价早年经历播报编辑安东尼·庇护 [1]安东尼·庇护86年生于拉丁姆的拉努维姆。 [2]他是哈德良妻子的外甥侄儿，也是第一位出身于高卢地区的元首。 [3]在他年幼时父亲就已去世，由祖父抚养长大；在祖父去世后则由外祖父抚养。继承了双方长辈的财产，安东尼成为罗马最富有的人之一。 [4]他在罗马政府中努力工作，在多个部门任职，111年任财务官，117年任大法官。 [4]120年被任命为执政官，然后被委以意大利司法行政重任。约在134年作为代执政官，担任亚细亚省总督。 [3]哈德良皇帝晚年发现了50来岁的元老安东尼·庇护和17岁的青年马可·奥勒留·安东尼，前者一生言行无可指责，后者将来必具有极高品德。他于是宣称安东尼·庇护将成为他的儿子和王位继承人，条件是他也必须同时收养马可·奥勒留。 [5]138年，哈德良病重，临终前指定51岁的安东尼·庇护为继承人。哈德良选择他的一个原因是安东尼·庇护的年龄已经比较大，几年之内就会去世并将皇位传给年轻的马可·奥勒留。但安东尼·庇护一直活到74岁，在位23年，是五贤帝中在位时间最长的。五贤帝时期也因他之名而被称为安敦尼王朝。 [6]在位成就播报编辑政治成就安东尼·庇护一上任，就将先帝哈德良宣为神祇，由于这种孝顺的举动，他被元老院冠名为Pius（庇护，即孝顺的意思）。 [7]安东尼·庇护铜币 [8]在安敦尼统治的23年中，他继承了哈德良的政策。对内注意调整各方面的关系。他即位后首先免除人民的欠税，将大量私产捐入国库，并全部承担节日费用。同时，又购买酒、油、米、麦，免费将其分配给平民。他善于理财，勤俭治国，所以死后国库盈盈，结存达27亿塞斯退斯。他勤于朝政，“如关心自己一样关心别人”。他继续推行哈德良的法律自由政策，限制对奴隶使用刑具，严厉惩罚主人无故杀害奴隶。他奖励教育，供给贫儿就学，扩大教师和哲学家的特权。 [3]和他的养父哈德良不同，在他二十三年的统治之中，他的平静生活都是在罗马度过的；这位善良的皇帝所曾经历的最长的一次旅行是从他在罗马的皇宫到他退隐的拉鲁芬别墅而已。 [7]他对各行省都派以有能力，有道德的总督。各地在他统治之下都很幸福，他们宁愿臣服帝国而不愿陷入混乱与争斗；他总是批准公民的请愿；他们信赖他对灾难的解救； [9]在罗马甚至有外邦使节主动请求让他们的国家加入罗马的统治。 [10]军事成就对外，他主张采取防御政策。但为了保卫边疆，他也进行过一些军事活动。在不列颠，罗马人击退了苏格兰部落的骚扰，并把边界向北推进了100公里，并建立了安东尼墙。在黑海北部，从北高加索向前推进的阿兰尼人，攻袭本都北岸的希腊城市，后又侵犯了奥力维亚；罗马军队从美西西开来救援，并一举击退了阿兰尼人的入侵，免除了阿兰尼人对这一地区的大规模蹂躏。 [3]安东尼·庇护时代的罗马帝国疆域 [4]去世播报编辑161年，安东尼74岁时患了胃病，弥留之际，他把马可·奥勒留召到床前托以国政，对官员们说了“公平无私”（aequanimatas）的警语，随即安然去世。全国各城市各阶级争相悼念他。 [9]继承人播报编辑当初，哈德良认养安东尼·庇护的条件，是他同样认养马可·奥勒留（Marcus Aurelius）和维鲁斯(Lucius Verus)为养子。这样哈德良为帝国确定了两代的继承人。 [7]安东尼逝世后，传位于马可·奥勒留和维鲁斯。由二位元首共同执政，这在罗马史上还是第一次。 [3]历史评价播报编辑人们习惯将安东尼·庇护和他的养子兼继承人马可·奥勒留·安东尼（Marcus Aurelius Antoninus）一起，并称两安东尼，这种称呼源于爱德华·吉本的《罗马帝国衰亡史》，在《衰亡史》里面，吉本这么形容道：“两朝安东尼的统治，也许是人类历史上惟一一段以一个伟大民族的幸福安宁作为执政核心的时期。” [5]安东尼·庇护被称做第二努马（公元前7世纪古罗马皇帝）。这两位皇帝的最突出的特点同样都是热爱宗教、正义和和平。而后一位的处境则使他的这些美德具有更广阔的用武之地。努马只不过能够制止了一些邻近村庄的村民互相抢夺成熟的庄稼，安东尼却给整个地球的大部分地区带来了和平与安宁。他的统治的一个奇特的特点是给历史提供了极少史料。在私生活中，他为人善良而和蔼可亲。天性的纯朴使他从来也没有虚荣和作伪的表现。他决不因为自己富有而追求过度的享受，而倒是十分喜爱纯正的令人开心的社交生活；在他的欢快、开朗的行为中充分显露出他的善良的灵魂。 [5]两安东尼加上他们的前任涅尔瓦、图拉真和哈德良并称五贤帝，这五位帝王统治时期给罗马带来了一段黄金时期和空前繁荣，但马可·奥理略之后，罗马帝国便由于内忧外患，慢慢走向了衰亡。 [9]新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2024 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备110000020000pious | "pious" 的词源、"pious" 的起源和意思 - etymonline
s | "pious" 的词源、"pious" 的起源和意思 - etymonline搜索Quick search commandColumnsForumAppsPremium登录登录广告pious(adj.)15世纪中期，“具有或旨在表现对至高无上的存在的信仰和崇敬”，源自拉丁语 pius “尽责、虔诚、有良心、宗教的； 对亲属忠诚； 受友情启发，受自然感情驱使”，也许[德·范、克莱因]与拉丁语 purus “纯净、清洁”有关，通过一个 PIE *pu-io- “净化”（见 pure），但确切的发展仍有争议。在古典罗马的意义上，“对父母和其他应该受到尊重和爱护的人表现出应有的尊重和爱护”在1620年代被证明在英语中存在。在宗教意义上，有时表示在宗教的假象下或为了善良的目的而实践（1630年代），在这个意义上经常与 fraud（n.）结合使用。相关： Piously； piousness。同样来自于:mid-15c. 相关词汇 piouspure(adj.)13世纪中期，用于黄金，意为“未合金化的”； 1300年左右，“未混合的，未掺杂的； 同质的”，也指“完全的，绝对的； 仅仅的，纯粹的”，还指“性纯洁的，处女的，贞洁的”（12世纪晚期作为姓氏，古英语中有“purlamb”即“没有瑕疵的小羊”），源自古法语“pur”即“纯粹的，简单的，绝对的，未合金的”，比喻意义为“简单的，纯粹的，仅仅的”（12世纪），源自拉丁语“purus”即“干净的，清澈的； 未混合的； 未装饰的； 贞洁的，未玷污的”。据推测，这个词源于 PIE 词根 *peue-，意为“净化，清洗”（源自拉丁语“putus”即“清澈的，纯净的”； 梵语“pavate”即“净化，清洗”，“putah”即“纯净的”； 中古爱尔兰语“ur”即“新鲜的，新的”； 古高地德语“fowen”即“筛选”）。它取代了古英语中的“hlutor”。指“没有道德败坏的”意义可追溯至14世纪中期。指血统纯正的意义可追溯至15世纪后期。在音乐中，“数学上完美的”意义可追溯至1872年。expiation(n.)"赎罪、弥补、赔偿的行为，弥补，赔偿"，15世纪早期， expiacioun，源自拉丁语 expiationem（主格 expiatio）"满足，弥补"，动作名词，来自 expiare 的过去分词词干"弥补，赎罪； 通过牺牲净化，弥补"，来自 ex- "完全"（见 ex-) + piare "安抚，平息"，来自 pius "忠诚的，忠诚的，虔诚的"（见 pious）。The sacrifice of expiation is that which tendeth to appease the wrath of God. [Thomas Norton, translation of Calvin's "Institutes of Christian Religion," 1561]赎罪的牺牲是那些有助于平息上帝愤怒的牺牲。[托马斯·诺顿（Thomas Norton），卡尔文《基督教信仰研究所》（Institutes of Christian Religion）的翻译，1561年]广告impiouspietyPiusSee all related words (5)pious 的使用趋势广告仅供参考，由机器翻译系统提供。查看原文，请访问：Etymology, origin and meaning of pious广告在 pious 附近的词典条目pinyPinyinpioletpionpioneerpiouspippipepipe dreampipe-fishpipeline链接论坛参考文献链接产品iOS 应用安卓应用Chrome 扩展关于网站作者网站简介在 Facebook 关注我们支持通过 PayPal 捐赠Patreon 订阅支持购买周边简体中文 (Chinese)深色自动浅色服务协议隐私政策Copyright © 2001 - 2023 Douglas HarAntoninus Pius | Reign of Peace, Stoic Philosopher, Builder | Britannica
Antoninus Pius | Reign of Peace, Stoic Philosopher, Builder | Britannica
Search Britannica
Click here to search
Search Britannica
Click here to search
Login
Subscribe
Subscribe
Home
Games & Quizzes
History & Society
Science & Tech
Biographies
Animals & Nature
Geography & Travel
Arts & Culture
Money
Videos
On This Day
One Good Fact
Dictionary
New Articles
History & Society
Lifestyles & Social Issues
Philosophy & Religion
Politics, Law & Government
World History
Science & Tech
Health & Medicine
Science
Technology
Biographies
Browse Biographies
Animals & Nature
Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates
Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates
Environment
Fossils & Geologic Time
Mammals
Plants
Geography & Travel
Geography & Travel
Arts & Culture
Entertainment & Pop Culture
Literature
Sports & Recreation
Visual Arts
Companions
Demystified
Image Galleries
Infographics
Lists
Podcasts
Spotlights
Summaries
The Forum
Top Questions
#WTFact
100 Women
Britannica Kids
Saving Earth
Space Next 50
Student Center
Home
Games & Quizzes
History & Society
Science & Tech
Biographies
Animals & Nature
Geography & Travel
Arts & Culture
Money
Videos
Antoninus Pius
Table of Contents
Antoninus Pius
Table of Contents
Introduction
References & Edit History
Quick Facts & Related Topics
Images
For Students
Antoninus Pius summary
Quizzes
The Roman Empire
Kings and Emperors (Part III) Quiz
Discover
9 of the World’s Deadliest Snakes
America’s 5 Most Notorious Cold Cases (Including One You May Have Thought Was Already Solved)
12 Greek Gods and Goddesses
9 Things You Might Not Know About Adolf Hitler
How Mike the Chicken Survived Without a Head
What Did Cleopatra Look Like?
8 Animals That Suck (Blood)
Home
Politics, Law & Government
World Leaders
Emperors & Empresses
History & Society
Antoninus Pius
Roman emperor
Actions
Cite
verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style
MLA
APA
Chicago Manual of Style
Copy Citation
Share
Share
Share to social media
URL
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antoninus-Pius
Give Feedback
External Websites
Feedback
Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).
Feedback Type
Select a type (Required)
Factual Correction
Spelling/Grammar Correction
Link Correction
Additional Information
Other
Your Feedback
Submit Feedback
Thank you for your feedback
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
External Websites
Ancient History Encyclopedia - Biography of Antoninus Pius
JewishEncyclopedia.com - Biography of Antoninus Pius
Encyclopaedia Romana - The Life of Antoninus Pius
UNRV Roman History - Biography of Antoninus Pius
Cite
verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style
MLA
APA
Chicago Manual of Style
Copy Citation
Share
Share
Share to social media
URL
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antoninus-Pius
Feedback
External Websites
Feedback
Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).
Feedback Type
Select a type (Required)
Factual Correction
Spelling/Grammar Correction
Link Correction
Additional Information
Other
Your Feedback
Submit Feedback
Thank you for your feedback
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
External Websites
Ancient History Encyclopedia - Biography of Antoninus Pius
JewishEncyclopedia.com - Biography of Antoninus Pius
Encyclopaedia Romana - The Life of Antoninus Pius
UNRV Roman History - Biography of Antoninus Pius
Also known as: Caesar Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius, Titus Aurelius Fulvius Boionius Arrius Antoninus
Written and fact-checked by
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Last Updated:
Mar 3, 2024
•
Article History
Table of Contents
Antoninus Pius
See all media
Category:
History & Society
In full:
Caesar Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius
(Show more)
Original name:
Titus Aurelius Fulvius Boionius Arrius Antoninus
(Show more)
Born:
Sept. 19, 86, Lanuvium, Latium
(Show more)
Died:
March 7, 161, Lorium, Etruria (aged 74)
(Show more)
Title / Office:
emperor (138-161), Roman Empire
governor (133-136), Asia
consul (120-120), Roman Empire
(Show more)
Notable Family Members:
daughter Annia Galeria Faustina
(Show more)
See all related content →
Antoninus Pius (born Sept. 19, 86, Lanuvium, Latium—died March 7, 161, Lorium, Etruria) was a Roman emperor from ad 138 to 161. Mild-mannered and capable, he was the fourth of the “five good emperors” who guided the empire through an 84-year period (96–180) of internal peace and prosperity. His family originated in Gaul, and his father and grandfathers had all been consuls.After serving as consul in 120, Antoninus was assigned by the emperor Hadrian (ruled 117–138) to assist with judicial administration in Italy. He governed the province of Asia (c. 134) and then became an adviser to the Emperor. In 138 Antoninus was adopted by Hadrian and designated as his successor. Hadrian specified that two men—the future emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus—were to succeed Antoninus. Upon acceding to power, Antoninus persuaded a reluctant Senate to offer the customary divine honours to Hadrian. For this, and possibly other such dutiful acts, he was given the surname Pius by the Senate. When his wife, Faustina, died in late 140 or early 141 he founded in her memory the Puellae Faustinianae, a charitable institution for the daughters of the poor.
Britannica Quiz
Kings and Emperors (Part III) Quiz
References to Antoninus in 2nd-century literature are exceptionally scanty; it is certain that few striking events occurred during his 23-year reign. A rebellion in Roman Britain was suppressed, and in 142 a 36-mile (58-kilometre) garrisoned barrier—called the Antonine Wall—was built to extend the Roman frontier some 100 miles north of Hadrian’s Wall (q.v.). Antoninus’ armies contained revolts in Mauretania, Germany, Dacia, and Egypt.
The feeling of well-being that pervaded the empire under Antoninus is reflected in the celebrated panegyric by the orator Aelius Aristides in 143–144. After Antoninus’ death, however, the empire suffered invasion by hostile tribes, followed by severe civil strife.
This article was most recently revised and updated by Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Pius是什么意思_Pius的翻译_音标_读音_用法_例句_爱词霸在线词典
是什么意思_Pius的翻译_音标_读音_用法_例句_爱词霸在线词典首页翻译背单词写作校对词霸下载用户反馈专栏平台登录Pius是什么意思_Pius用英语怎么说_Pius的翻译_Pius翻译成_Pius的中文意思_Pius怎么读,Pius的读音,Pius的用法,Pius的例句翻译人工翻译试试人工翻译翻译全文Pius释义[人名] 派厄斯大小写变形:PIUS点击 人工翻译，了解更多 人工释义实用场景例句全部Archaeologists have dated the fort to the reign of Emperor Antoninus Pius.考古学家判定这个堡垒建于罗马皇帝安东尼·庇护统治时期。柯林斯例句Next we visit the Chiaramonti Museum, established by Pope Pius VII Chiaramonti.接下来我们将参观由罗马教皇庇护七世基亚拉蒙蒂建立的基亚拉蒙蒂博物馆.互联网Napoleon Bonaparte was crowned Emperor in Paris, by Pope Pius V.教皇皮乌斯七世在巴黎为拿破仑·波拿巴加冕.互联网Dr. Pius Okong is an obstetrician from Uganda.纰佑·欧康医生是乌干达的产科医生.互联网The photo caption said wartime Pope Pius turned a blind eye to the Nazi genocide.照片的介绍文字说,战争期间教皇派厄斯对纳粹的种族灭绝行动熟视无睹.互联网收起实用场景例句释义实用场PIOUS中文(繁體)翻譯：劍橋詞典
PIOUS中文(繁體)翻譯：劍橋詞典
詞典
翻譯
文法
同義詞詞典
+Plus
劍橋詞典+Plus
Shop
劍橋詞典+Plus
我的主頁
+Plus 幫助
退出
劍橋詞典+Plus
我的主頁
+Plus 幫助
退出
登錄
/
註冊
正體中文 (繁體)
查找
查找
英語-中文（繁體）
pious 在英語-中文（繁體）詞典中的翻譯
piousadjective uk
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈpaɪ.əs/ us
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈpaɪ.əs/
pious adjective
(RELIGIOUS)
Add to word list
Add to word list
strongly believing in religion, and living in a way that shows this belief
（對宗教）虔誠的
She is a pious follower of the faith, never missing her prayers.
她是個虔誠的信徒，從來不耽誤禱告。
pious adjective
(PRETENDING)
disapproving pretending to have sincere feelings
假虔誠的;偽善的;虛偽的
Quit the pious apologies - I know you don't really care.
別假惺惺地道歉了——我知道你並非真的在乎。
pious hope UK
something that is unlikely to happen: We related our errors in the pious hope that others might learn from them.
查看更多
相關詞語
piously
(pious在劍橋英語-中文（繁體）詞典的翻譯 © Cambridge University Press)
B1
pious的翻譯
中文（簡體）
信奉宗教的, （对宗教）虔诚的, 假装的…
查看更多內容
西班牙語
devoto, piadoso, pío…
查看更多內容
葡萄牙語
piedoso, devoto…
查看更多內容
更多語言
日語
土耳其語
法語
加泰羅尼亞語
in Dutch
阿拉伯語
捷克語
丹麥語
印尼語
泰語
越南語
波蘭語
in Swedish
馬來西亞語
德語
挪威語
韓語
in Ukrainian
意大利語
俄語
信心深い, 敬虔な…
查看更多內容
dindar, sofu…
查看更多內容
pieux…
查看更多內容
devot, pietós…
查看更多內容
vroom…
查看更多內容
تَقي…
查看更多內容
zbožný…
查看更多內容
from…
查看更多內容
saleh…
查看更多內容
เคร่งครัดในทางศาสนา…
查看更多內容
sùng đạo…
查看更多內容
pobożny…
查看更多內容
from, gudfruktig…
查看更多內容
warak…
查看更多內容
fromm…
查看更多內容
from, gudfryktig…
查看更多內容
경건한, 독실한…
查看更多內容
побожний, благочестивий…
查看更多內容
pio…
查看更多內容
набожный…
查看更多內容
需要一個翻譯器嗎？
獲得快速、免費的翻譯！
翻譯器工具
pious的發音是什麼？
在英語詞典中查看 pious 的釋義
瀏覽
piny
pinyin
pioneer
pioneering
pious
pious hope phrase
piously
pip
pipe
「每日一詞」
veggie burger
UK
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈvedʒ.i ˌbɜː.ɡər/
US
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈvedʒ.i ˌbɝː.ɡɚ/
a type of food similar to a hamburger but made without meat, by pressing together small pieces of vegetables, seeds, etc. into a flat, round shape
關於這個
部落格
Forget doing it or forget to do it? Avoiding common mistakes with verb patterns (2)
March 06, 2024
查看更多
新詞
stochastic parrot
March 04, 2024
查看更多
已添加至 list
回到頁面頂端
內容
英語-中文（繁體）翻譯
©劍橋大學出版社與評估2024
學習
學習
學習
新詞
幫助
紙本出版
Word of the Year 2021
Word of the Year 2022
Word of the Year 2023
開發
開發
開發
詞典API
連按兩下查看
搜尋Widgets
執照資料
關於
關於
關於
無障礙閱讀
劍橋英語教學
劍橋大學出版社與評估
授權管理
Cookies與隱私保護
語料庫
使用條款
京ICP备14002226号-2
©劍橋大學出版社與評估2024
劍橋詞典+Plus
我的主頁
+Plus 幫助
退出
詞典
定義
清晰解釋自然的書面和口頭英語
英語
學習詞典
基礎英式英語
基礎美式英語
翻譯
點選箭頭改變翻譯方向。
雙語詞典
英語-中文（簡體）
Chinese (Simplified)–English
英語-中文（繁體）
Chinese (Traditional)–English
英語-荷蘭文
荷蘭語-英語
英語-法語
法語-英語
英語-德語
德語-英語
英語-印尼語
印尼語-英語
英語-義大利語
義大利語-英語
英語-日語
日語-英語
英語-挪威語
挪威語-英語
英語-波蘭語
波蘭語-英語
英語-葡萄牙語
葡萄牙語-英語
英語-西班牙語
西班牙語-英語
English–Swedish
Swedish–English
半雙語詞典
英語-阿拉伯語
英語-孟加拉文
英語-加泰羅尼亞語
英語-捷克語
英語-丹麥語
English–Gujarati
英語-印地語
英語-韓語
英語-馬來語
英語-馬拉地語
英語-俄語
English–Tamil
English–Telugu
英語-泰語
英語-土耳其語
英語-烏克蘭文
English–Urdu
英語-越南語
翻譯
文法
同義詞詞典
Pronunciation
劍橋詞典+Plus
Shop
劍橋詞典+Plus
我的主頁
+Plus 幫助
退出
登錄 /
註冊
正體中文 (繁體)
Change
English (UK)
English (US)
Español
Русский
Português
Deutsch
Français
Italiano
中文 (简体)
正體中文 (繁體)
Polski
한국어
Türkçe
日本語
Tiếng Việt
हिंदी
தமிழ்
తెలుగు
關注我們！
選擇一本詞典
最近的詞和建議
定義
清晰解釋自然的書面和口頭英語
英語
學習詞典
基礎英式英語
基礎美式英語
文法與同義詞詞典
對自然書面和口頭英語用法的解釋
英語文法
同義詞詞典
Pronunciation
British and American pronunciations with audio
English Pronunciation
翻譯
點選箭頭改變翻譯方向。
雙語詞典
英語-中文（簡體）
Chinese (Simplified)–English
英語-中文（繁體）
Chinese (Traditional)–English
英語-荷蘭文
荷蘭語-英語
英語-法語
法語-英語
英語-德語
德語-英語
英語-印尼語
印尼語-英語
英語-義大利語
義大利語-英語
英語-日語
日語-英語
英語-挪威語
挪威語-英語
英語-波蘭語
波蘭語-英語
英語-葡萄牙語
葡萄牙語-英語
英語-西班牙語
西班牙語-英語
English–Swedish
Swedish–English
半雙語詞典
英語-阿拉伯語
英語-孟加拉文
英語-加泰羅尼亞語
英語-捷克語
英語-丹麥語
English–Gujarati
英語-印地語
英語-韓語
英語-馬來語
英語-馬拉地語
英語-俄語
English–Tamil
English–Telugu
英語-泰語
英語-土耳其語
英語-烏克蘭文
English–Urdu
英語-越南語
詞典+Plus
詞彙表
選擇語言
正體中文 (繁體)
English (UK)
English (US)
Español
Русский
Português
Deutsch
Français
Italiano
中文 (简体)
Polski
한국어
Türkçe
日本語
Tiếng Việt
हिंदी
தமிழ்
తెలుగు
內容
英語-中文（繁體）
Adjective
pious (RELIGIOUS)
pious (PRETENDING)
pious hope
Translations
文法
所有翻譯
我的詞彙表
把pious添加到下面的一個詞彙表中，或者創建一個新詞彙表。
更多詞彙表
前往詞彙表
對該例句有想法嗎？
例句中的單詞與輸入詞條不匹配。
該例句含有令人反感的內容。
取消
提交
例句中的單詞與輸入詞條不匹配。
該例句含有令人反感的內容。
取消
提交
St. Pius I | Biography, Papacy, Feast Day, Death, & Facts | Britannica
St. Pius I | Biography, Papacy, Feast Day, Death, & Facts | Britannica
Search Britannica
Click here to search
Search Britannica
Click here to search
Login
Subscribe
Subscribe
Home
Games & Quizzes
History & Society
Science & Tech
Biographies
Animals & Nature
Geography & Travel
Arts & Culture
Money
Videos
On This Day
One Good Fact
Dictionary
New Articles
History & Society
Lifestyles & Social Issues
Philosophy & Religion
Politics, Law & Government
World History
Science & Tech
Health & Medicine
Science
Technology
Biographies
Browse Biographies
Animals & Nature
Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates
Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates
Environment
Fossils & Geologic Time
Mammals
Plants
Geography & Travel
Geography & Travel
Arts & Culture
Entertainment & Pop Culture
Literature
Sports & Recreation
Visual Arts
Companions
Demystified
Image Galleries
Infographics
Lists
Podcasts
Spotlights
Summaries
The Forum
Top Questions
#WTFact
100 Women
Britannica Kids
Saving Earth
Space Next 50
Student Center
Home
Games & Quizzes
History & Society
Science & Tech
Biographies
Animals & Nature
Geography & Travel
Arts & Culture
Money
Videos
St. Pius I
Table of Contents
St. Pius I
Table of Contents
Introduction
References & Edit History
Quick Facts & Related Topics
For Students
Pop Quiz: 19 Things to Know About Christianity
Quizzes
Christianity Quiz
Related Questions
What is gnosticism?
How does gnosticism differ from Christianity?
Does gnosticism predate Christianity?
What is the difference between Christianity and Roman Catholicism?
Who founded Roman Catholicism?
Read Next
The Seven Sacraments of the Roman Catholic church
What Is the Most Widely Practiced Religion in the World?
Our Lady of Fátima
Roman Catholic Saints
How did St. Francis Xavier shape Catholicism?
Discover
How Did Helen Keller Fly a Plane?
How Did Alexander the Great Really Die?
How Mike the Chicken Survived Without a Head
What Did Cleopatra Look Like?
How Many Electoral College Votes Does Each U.S. State Have?
9 of the World’s Deadliest Snakes
The 10 Greatest Basketball Players of All Time
Home
Philosophy & Religion
Religious Personages & Scholars
Saints & Popes
History & Society
St. Pius I
pope
Actions
Cite
verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style
MLA
APA
Chicago Manual of Style
Copy Citation
Share
Share
Share to social media
URL
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Pius-I
Give Feedback
Feedback
Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).
Feedback Type
Select a type (Required)
Factual Correction
Spelling/Grammar Correction
Link Correction
Additional Information
Other
Your Feedback
Submit Feedback
Thank you for your feedback
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
Cite
verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style
MLA
APA
Chicago Manual of Style
Copy Citation
Share
Share
Share to social media
URL
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Pius-I
Feedback
Written and fact-checked by
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Article History
Table of Contents
Category:
History & Society
Died:
155, Rome
(Show more)
(Show more)
(Show more)
Title / Office:
pope (142-155)
(Show more)
See all related content →
St. Pius I (born, Aquileia, Venetia [Italy]—died 155, Rome; feast day July 11) Latin pope from approximately 142 to about 155.
Pius was formerly enslaved, according to his supposed brother, the Apostolic Father Hermas. As successor to St. Hyginus, Pius continued the burgeoning fight against gnosticism—a religious movement teaching that matter is evil and that emancipation comes through spiritual truth attained only by revelatory esoteric knowledge. He also combated the Marcionites, followers of a heretical Christianity proposing especially a doctrine of two gods as taught by the semi-gnostic Marcion, whom Pius is believed to have excommunicated in 144/150. The claim that Pius was martyred is unsubstantiated. He was succeeded by St. Anicetus.
Britannica Quiz
Pop Quiz: 19 Things to Know About Christianity
The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised and updated by Melissa Petruzzello.
Pius XII | Biography, Papacy, & Facts | Britannica
Pius XII | Biography, Papacy, & Facts | Britannica
Search Britannica
Click here to search
Search Britannica
Click here to search
Login
Subscribe
Subscribe
Home
Games & Quizzes
History & Society
Science & Tech
Biographies
Animals & Nature
Geography & Travel
Arts & Culture
Money
Videos
On This Day
One Good Fact
Dictionary
New Articles
History & Society
Lifestyles & Social Issues
Philosophy & Religion
Politics, Law & Government
World History
Science & Tech
Health & Medicine
Science
Technology
Biographies
Browse Biographies
Animals & Nature
Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates
Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates
Environment
Fossils & Geologic Time
Mammals
Plants
Geography & Travel
Geography & Travel
Arts & Culture
Entertainment & Pop Culture
Literature
Sports & Recreation
Visual Arts
Companions
Demystified
Image Galleries
Infographics
Lists
Podcasts
Spotlights
Summaries
The Forum
Top Questions
#WTFact
100 Women
Britannica Kids
Saving Earth
Space Next 50
Student Center
Home
Games & Quizzes
History & Society
Science & Tech
Biographies
Animals & Nature
Geography & Travel
Arts & Culture
Money
Videos
Pius XII
Table of Contents
Pius XII
Table of Contents
IntroductionEarly life and careerEarly pontificateWorld War II and the HolocaustAfter World War IILegacy
References & Edit History
Quick Facts & Related Topics
Images & Videos
For Students
Pop Quiz: 19 Things to Know About Christianity
Pius XII summary
Quizzes
Christianity Quiz
Related Questions
What is the difference between Christianity and Roman Catholicism?
Who founded Roman Catholicism?
What are the Roman Catholic sacraments?
Why is Roman Catholicism so prominent in Latin America?
Read Next
The Seven Sacraments of the Roman Catholic church
What Is the Most Widely Practiced Religion in the World?
19 Historic Buildings to Visit in Rome
Our Lady of Fátima
Roman Catholic Saints
Discover
12 Greek Gods and Goddesses
7 of History's Most Notorious Serial Killers
How Many Electoral College Votes Does Each U.S. State Have?
Did Marie-Antoinette Really Say “Let Them Eat Cake”?
8 Animals That Suck (Blood)
Inventors and Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
Leap Day, February 29
Home
Philosophy & Religion
Religious Personages & Scholars
Saints & Popes
History & Society
Pius XII
pope
Actions
Cite
verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style
MLA
APA
Chicago Manual of Style
Copy Citation
Share
Share
Share to social media
URL
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pius-XII
Give Feedback
External Websites
Feedback
Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).
Feedback Type
Select a type (Required)
Factual Correction
Spelling/Grammar Correction
Link Correction
Additional Information
Other
Your Feedback
Submit Feedback
Thank you for your feedback
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
External Websites
Embryo Project Encyclopedia - Pope Pius XII
Eternal Word Television Network - Pope Pius XII
Jewish Virtual Library - Pope Pius XII
Please select which sections you would like to print:
Table Of Contents
Cite
verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style
MLA
APA
Chicago Manual of Style
Copy Citation
Share
Share
Share to social media
URL
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pius-XII
Feedback
External Websites
Feedback
Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).
Feedback Type
Select a type (Required)
Factual Correction
Spelling/Grammar Correction
Link Correction
Additional Information
Other
Your Feedback
Submit Feedback
Thank you for your feedback
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
External Websites
Embryo Project Encyclopedia - Pope Pius XII
Eternal Word Television Network - Pope Pius XII
Jewish Virtual Library - Pope Pius XII
Also known as: Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli
Written by
Frank J. Coppa
Professor of History, St. Johns University, New York, New York. Author of The Origins of the Italian Wars of Independence. Editor of Encyclopedia of the Vatican and Papacy.
Frank J. Coppa
Fact-checked by
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Last Updated:
Feb 27, 2024
•
Article History
Table of Contents
Pius XII
See all media
Category:
History & Society
Original name:
Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli
(Show more)
Born:
March 2, 1876, Rome, Italy
(Show more)
Died:
October 9, 1958, Castel Gandolfo (aged 82)
(Show more)
Title / Office:
pope (1939-1958)
(Show more)
Subjects Of Study:
biblical criticism
(Show more)
See all related content →
Recent News
Feb. 19, 2024, 4:03 AM ET (AP)
The keeper of the Vatican’s secrets is retiring. Here’s what he wants you to know
Pius XII (born March 2, 1876, Rome, Italy—died October 9, 1958, Castel Gandolfo) pope, bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church, who had a long, tumultuous, and controversial pontificate (1939–58). During his reign as pope, the papacy confronted the ravages of World War II (1939–45), the abuses of the Nazi, fascist, and Soviet regimes, the horror of the Holocaust, the challenge of postwar reconstruction, and the threat of communism and the Cold War. Deemed an ascetic and “saint of God” by his admirers, Pius was criticized by others for his alleged “public silence” in the face of genocide and his apparently contradictory policies of impartiality during World War II but fervent anticommunism during the postwar period. Early life and career How is a pope elected?Popes are elected for life. How do they get the job?(more)See all videos for this articleOne of four children, Eugenio Pacelli was born in Rome to a family that was part of the papal, or “black,” nobility, which was devoted to service to the Vatican. His great-grandfather had served as minister of finance under Pope Gregory XVI (reigned 1831–46), his grandfather had served as undersecretary of the interior under Pius IX (1846–78), and his father was dean of the Vatican lawyers. After attending state primary schools and completing his secondary education at the Visconti Institute, Pacelli studied at the Appolinare Institute of Lateran University and Gregorian University, earning degrees in law and theology. In 1899 he was ordained a priest and in 1901 was appointed to the papal secretariat of state. He later worked under the direction of Pietro Cardinal Gasparri in preparing the new codification of canon law. He also taught international law and diplomacy at the school for papal diplomats in Rome. In 1914 Pacelli was named secretary of the Congregation for Extraordinary Affairs. In 1917, as part of the Vatican’s initiative to end World War I, Benedict XV (1914–22) named him apostolic nuncio (ambassador) to the German state of Bavaria. Pacelli enthusiastically endorsed Benedict’s strict impartiality, even though the pope’s attempts to mediate a peace proved unsuccessful. Following the war, he remained in the Bavarian capital, Munich, where he had a shocking experience when, during the Spartacist rising in 1919, communists burst into the papal nunciature brandishing revolvers. This encounter left an indelible impression upon Pacelli and contributed to his lifelong fear of communism. In 1920 he was dispatched as the first apostolic nuncio to the new German Weimar Republic, with whom he sought to negotiate a concordat (a papal agreement with a national government aimed at preserving the church’s privileges and freedom of action within the country in question). Pacelli’s discussions with the Weimar government failed, but he succeeded in signing agreements with Bavaria in 1924 and Prussia in 1929. Moreover, by the time he departed Berlin in 1929, Pacelli was a staunch Germanophile. He became a cardinal at the end of 1929, and early in 1930 he replaced Cardinal Gasparri as secretary of state. In 1935 he was appointed papal chamberlain (camerlengo) and thus administrator of the church during any interregnum. Pacelli and the pope who appointed him to these positions, Pius XI (1922–39), had very different personalities. While the pope was outspoken and confrontational, Pacelli was cautious and diplomatic. Yet the two complemented each other and shared the belief that church interests could better be assured by concordats—even with regimes hostile to Christian principles—than by reliance on nation-based political parties acting on the church’s behalf. In fact, Pacelli’s brother Francesco helped Gasparri and Pius XI conclude the Lateran Accords with fascist Italy in 1929, which ended the so-called Roman Question and created the independent state of Vatican City. Pacelli, in turn, helped to negotiate concordats with Baden (1932), Austria (1933), and, controversially, with Adolf Hitler’s Third Reich (July 20, 1933). Some denounced the last as an unfortunate Vatican bargain with a notorious regime.
Britannica Quiz
Pop Quiz: 19 Things to Know About Christianity
Pacelli traveled widely on papal missions, visiting South America (1934) and North America (1936) as well as France (1935, 1937) and Hungary (1937). Because of his fluency in German and familiarity with German life, he served as Pius XI’s principal adviser on Hitler and the Nazis, who assumed power in 1933. At the pope’s command, Pacelli helped draft the anti-Nazi encyclical Mit brennender Sorge (“With Deep Anxiety”), written partly in response to the Nürnberg Laws and addressed to the German church on March 14, 1937. In it the papacy condemns racial theories and the mistreatment of people because of their race or nationality but does not refer to Hitler or the Nazis by name. The pope, aware of Pacelli’s strong desire to prevent a break in relations between the Vatican and Berlin, commissioned the American Jesuit John La Farge to prepare an encyclical demonstrating the incompatibility of Catholicism and racism and excluded Pacelli from participating. Early pontificate After Pius XI’s death on February 10, 1939, Cardinal Pacelli was elected his successor as Pope Pius XII in a short conclave. Humani generis unitas (“The Unity of the Human Race”), Pius XI’s planned encyclical against racism and anti-Semitism, was returned to its authors by the new pope. Trained as a diplomat, Pius XII followed the cautious course paved by Leo XIII and Benedict XV rather than the more confrontational one taken by Pius IX, Pius X, and Pius XI. Hoping to serve as a “Pope of Peace,” Pius XII tried unsuccessfully to dissuade European governments from embarking on war. As part of his policy of preserving the impartiality of the Holy See and serving as mediator between nations, Pius did not want to antagonize fascist Italy and Nazi Germany by issuing an encyclical that would have provoked them, a decision now cited by historians antipathetic to the pope as a sign of his indifference in the face of evil. His defenders, in turn, argue that Pius XII sought to avoid reprisals and greater harm. Whatever his motivation, when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, Pius did not condemn the aggression, insisting that he had to remain above the fray, and his first encyclical, Summi pontificatus (“On the Limitations of the Authority of the State”), issued October 20, 1939, reflected this diplomatic course.
Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content.
Subscribe Now
Pius XII, like Benedict XV, insisted that the papal position was not one of neutrality (which implied indifference) but one of impartiality. This, however, did not prevent Pius from informing the British government early in 1940 that several German generals were prepared to overturn the Nazi government if they could be assured of an honourable peace, and it did not prevent him from warning the Allies of the impending German invasion of the Low Countries in May 1940. Nor did it prevent him from futilely attempting to keep Benito Mussolini from entering the war (fascist Italy joined the Axis on June 10, 1940).